Tag Archives: COVID-19

Clinical Profile and Course of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to Covid-19 in a Middle-Income Region in Mexico

José Antonio Villalobos-Silva, Gladis Lucia Acros-López, Gracia Lizbeth Velázquez-Estrada, Camilo José Muñoz-Chavez, German Antonio Aguirre-Gómez, Obed Isaí Aguilera-Olvera, Alfredo Sánchez-González

Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2024-0022

Introduction: COVID-19 leads to severe clinical complications that culminate in respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite reports of some comorbidities that contribute to the development of COVID-19-mediated ARDS, there is great variation in mortality rates among critical COVID-19 patients in the world. To date, no studies have described the incidence and comorbidities associated with ARDS due to COVID-19 in the northeastern region of Mexico.
Aim of the study: To describe patients diagnosed with ARDS due to COVID-19 in the northeastern region of Mexico, as well as its variations in comparison with other regions of the country.
Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective and observational study in a tertiary care center in Northeastern Mexico. All patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and requiring management in the intensive care unit were included. We developed a database that was updated daily with the patients´ demographic information, pre-existing diseases, disease severity, and clinical variables.
Results: The incidence of ARDS secondary to COVID-19 in HRAEV was high in comparison with other reports. Diabetes mellitus was the risk factor most associated with COVID-19-mediated ARDS.
Conclusion: Based on our findings and those previously reported in the literature, there are differences that we discuss between northeastern and central Mexico, and analyze other areas evaluated around the world.

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Total Psoas Area and Psoas Density Assessment in COVID-19 Patients Using CT Imaging – Could Muscle Mass Alteration During Intensive Care Hospitalization be Determined?

Oana Elena Branea1, Anca Gabriela Vlad2, Mihai Pui2, Diana Andreea Becica2, Mihai Emanuel Becica2, AnaMaria Romina Budeanu2, Razvan Gabriel Budeanu2, Florin Stoica1, Alexandra Elena Lazar1

1 George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
2 Targu Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0026

Background: Since its debut, as reported by the first published studies, COVID-19 has been linked to life-threatening conditions that needed vital assistance and admission to the intensive care unit. Skeletal muscle is a core element in an organism’s health due to its ability to keep energy balance and homeostasis. Many patients with prolonged hospitalization are characterized by a greater probability prone to critical illness myopathy or intensive care unit-acquired weakness.
Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the skeletal muscle in a COVID-19 cohort of critically ill patients by measuring the psoas area and density.
Material and methods: This is a retrospective study that included critically ill adult patients, COVID-19 positive, mechanically ventilated, with an ICU stay of over 24 hours, and who had 2 CT scans eligible for psoas muscle evaluation. In these patients, correlations between different severity scores and psoas CT scans were sought, along with correlations with the outcome of the patients.
Results: Twenty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences were noticed regarding the psoas analysis by two blinded radiologists. Significant correlations were found between LOS in the hospital and in ICU with psoas area and Hounsfield Units for the first CT scan performed. With reference to AUC-ROC and outcome, it is underlined that AUC-ROC is close to 0.5 values, for both the psoas area and HU, indicating that the model had no class separation capacity.
Conclusion: The study suggested that over a short period, the psoas muscle area, and the psoas HU decline, for both the left and the right sight, in adult COVID-19 patients in ICU conditions, yet not statistically significant. Although more than two-thirds of the patients had a negative outcome, it was not possible to demonstrate an association between the SARS-COV2 infection and psoas muscle impairment. These findings highlight the need for further larger investigations.

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The Prognostic Utility of Cytokines in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Ákos Vince Andrejkovits1, Adina Huțanu2,3, Ervin József Susányi4, Valentina Negrea1,5, Anca Meda Văsieșiu4,5

1 Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania
3 Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Targu Mures, Romania
4 First Infectious Disease Clinic of Targu Mureș, Mureș County Clinical Hospital, Romania
5 Department of Infectious Disease, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0025

Introduction: The severity of COVID-19 depends on several factors, but the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines remains in center of the interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive utility of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in patients with COVID-19.
Material and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 181 adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the 1st Infectious Disease County Hospital Târgu Mureș from December 2020 to September 2021. Serum cytokine levels were measured and correlated with disease severity, need for oxygen therapy, intensive care unit (ICU) transfer, and outcome.Results: We found significantly higher serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in patients with severe COVID-19 and in those with a fatal outcome. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant predictive value for IL-8 regarding disease severity, and for IL6 and IL-10 regarding ICU transfer and fatal outcome.
Conclusions: Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly increased in patients with COVID-19, but their predictive value regarding disease severity and the need for oxygen therapy was poor. We found IL-6 and IL-10 to have a good predictive performance regarding ICU transfer and fatal outcome.

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Risk Factors for Weaning Failure in COVID-19 Patients

Effrosyni Gerovasileiou1, Apostolis-Alkiviadis Menis2, George Gavriilidis3, Eleni Magira4, Prodromos Temperikidis5, Sofia Papoti2, Nikitas Karavidas1, Michael Spanos1, Epaminondas Zakynthinos6, Demosthenes Makris1

1 University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
2 G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
3 Sotiria Regional Chest Disease Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
4 Evangelismos Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece
5 Evangelismos Athens General Hospital, Cardiology, Athens, Greece
6 General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0021

Background: Data on risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning failure among SARS-CoV2 ARDS patients is limited. We aimed to determine clinical characteristics associated with weaning outcome in SARS-CoV2 ARDS patients under MV.
Objectives: To determine potential risk factors for weaning outcome in patients with SARS-CoV2 ARDS.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the ICUs of four Greek hospitals via review of the electronic medical record for the period 2020-2021. All consecutive adult patients were screened and were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: a) age equal or above 18 years, b) need for MV for more than 48 hours and c) diagnosis of ARDS due to SARS-CoV2 pneumonia or primary or secondary ARDS of other aetiologies. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for the first 28 days following ICU admission. The primary outcome was weaning success defined as spontaneous ventilation for more than 48 hours.
Results: A hundred and fifty eight patients were included; 96 SARS-CoV2 ARDS patients. SOFA score, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and shock were independently associated with the weaning outcome OR(95% CI), 0.86 (0.73-0.99), 0.27 (0.08-0.89) and 0.30 (0.14-0.61), respectively]. When we analysed data from SARS-CoV2 ARDS patients separately, COPD [0.18 (0.03-0.96)] and shock [0.33(0.12 – 0.86)] were independently associated with the weaning outcome.
Conclusions: The presence of COPD and shock are potential risk factors for adverse weaning outcome in SARS-CoV2 ARDS patients.

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Kidney injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19 – From pathophysiological mechanisms to a personalized therapeutic model

Cosmin Balan1, Tudor Ciuhodaru2, Serban-Ion Bubenek-Turconi1,3

1 Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu Emergency Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, Bucharest, Romania
2 Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iași, Romania
3 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0023

Acute kidney injury is a common complication of COVID-19, frequently fuelled by a complex interplay of factors. These include tubular injury and three primary drivers of cardiocirculatory instability: heart-lung interaction abnormalities, myocardial damage, and disturbances in fluid balance. Further complicating this dynamic, renal vulnerability to a “second-hit” injury, like a SARS-CoV-2 infection, is heightened by advanced age, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the influence of chronic treatment protocols, which may constrain the compensatory intrarenal hemodynamic mechanisms, warrants equal consideration. COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury not only escalates mortality rates but also significantly affects long-term kidney function recovery, particularly in severe instances. Thus, the imperative lies in developing and applying therapeutic strategies capable of warding off acute kidney injury and decelerating the transition into chronic kidney disease after an acute event. This narrative review aims to proffer a flexible diagnostic and therapeutic strategy that recognizes the multifaceted nature of COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients and underlines the crucial role of a tailored, overarching hemodynamic and respiratory framework in managing this complex clinical condition.

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Ease of intubation with McGrath videolaryngoscope and incidence of adverse events during tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients: A prospective observational study

Faisal Shamim, Muhammad Sohaib, Khalid Samad, Muhammad Faisal Khan, Adil A. Manji, Asad Latif

Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0020

Background: Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients remains high-risk despite advances in equipment, technique, and clinical guidelines. Many patients with COVID-19 were in respiratory distress and required intubation that is considered an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP). The transition to videolaryngoscopy as a routine first line option throughout anesthetic and ICU practice has been reported. We evaluated the ease of intubation, success rate, use of accessory maneuvers and adverse outcomes during and 24 hours after intubation with the McGrath videolaryngoscope.
Methods: This was a prospective, observational single center study conducted at non-operating room locations that included all adults (>18 years old) with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and were intubated by McGrath videolaryngoscope. The anesthesiologist performed tracheal intubation were requested to fill online data collection form. A co-investigator was responsible to coordinate daily with assigned consultants for COVID intubation and follow up of patients at 24 hours after intubation.
Results: A total of 105 patients were included in our study. Patients were predominantly male (n=78; 74.3%), their COVID status was either confirmed (n=97, 92.4%) or suspected (n=8, 7.6%). Most were intubated in the COVID ward (n=59, 56.2%) or COVID ICU (n=23, 21.9%). The overall success rate of intubation with McGrath in the first attempt was 82.9%. The glottic view was either full (n=85, 80.95%), partial (n=16, 15.24%) or none (n=4, 3.81%). During intubation, hypoxemia occurred in 18.1% and hypotension in 16.2% patients. Within 24 hours of intubation, pneumothorax occurred in 1.9%, cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation in 6.7% and mortality in 13.3% of patients.
Conclusion: These results illustrate the ease and utility of the McGrath videolaryngoscope for tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Its disposable blade is of significant value in protectin during tracheal intubation.

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COVID-19: A Possible Cause of Spontaneous Pneumoperitoneum

Patrícia Varela Ramos, Ana Maria Oliveira, Ângela Simas, Margarida Rocha Vera Cruz

Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0018

Introduction: Pneumoperitoneum is the presence of air within the peritoneal cavity and is mostly caused by organ rupture. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum accounts 5% to 15% of the cases and occurs in the absence of organ damage. The pulmonary origin of pneumoperitoneum is unusual, and probably associated with mechanical ventilation and alveolar leak. In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) there are some reports of air leak, like pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and subcutaneous emphysema.
Case presentation: We present the case of a 70-year-old man with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Since admission he was on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV), without improvement, needing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) due to severe respiratory failure. Five days after IMV despite protective lung ventilation, massive spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoperitoneum were diagnosed. Besides initial conservative management 12 hours later, the patient developed abdominal compartment syndrome requiring percutaneous needle decompression.
Conclusions: Pneumoperitoneum can be considered a rare complication of COVID-19 pneumonia and its management, resulting not only from the viral pulmonary but also from secondary causes. Conservative management should be usually enough. However, in the presence of abdominal compartment syndrome prompt recognition and treatment are crucial and eventually lifesaving.

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Awake Prone Decubitus Positioning in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis

Agustin García1, Rita Galeiras1, Sonia Pertega-Díaz2

1 A Coruna University Hospital, A Coruña, Spain
2 University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0014

To date, recommendations for the implementation of awake prone positioning in patients with hypoxia secondary to SARSCoV2 infection have been extrapolated from prior studies on respiratory distress. Thus, we carried out a systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the benefits of pronation on the oxygenation, need for endotracheal intubation (ETI), and mortality of this group of patients. We carried out a systematic search in the PubMed and Embase databases between June 2020 and November 2021. A randomeffects metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the impact of pronation on the ETI and mortality rates. A total of 213 articles were identified, 15 of which were finally included in this review. A significant decrease in the mortality rate was observed in the group of pronated patients (relative risk [RR] = 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.480.99; p = 0.044), but no significant effect was observed on the need for ETI (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.631.00; p = 0.051). However, a subgroup analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) did reveal a significant decrease in the need for this intervention (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.710.97). Prone positioning was found to significantly reduce mortality, also diminishing the need for ETI, although this effect was statistically significant only in the subgroup analysis of RCTs. Patients’ response to awake prone positioning could be greater when this procedure is implemented early and in combination with noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) or highflow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy.

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Burnout Syndrome During COVID-19 Second Wave on ICU Caregivers

Anaëlle Caillet¹, Marina Fillon¹, Margaux Plou¹, Emmanuel Tisson¹, Charles-Hervé Vacheron1,2,3, Bernard Allaouchiche1,4,5

1 Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital center Lyon-Sud, ICU, F-69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
2 Biostatistics-Bioinformatics Department, Public Health Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
3 CIRI, International Center for Research in Infectiology (Emerging Pathogens Laboratory Team), Inserm, U1111, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
4 University Claude Bernard, Lyon1, Lyon, France
5 Lyon university, VetAgro Sup, Lyon veterinary campus, UPSP 2016.A101, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Agression in Sepsis, F-69280, Marcy l’Étoile, France

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2022-0026

Objective: The main objective of this article is to evaluate the prevalence of burnout syndrome (BOS) among the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) healthcare workers.
Methods: The COVID-impact study is a study conducted in 6 French intensive care units. Five units admitting COVID patient and one that doesn’t admit COVID patients. The survey was conducted between October 20th and November 20th, 2020, during the second wave in France. A total of 208 professionals responded (90% response rate). The Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Impact of Event Revisited Scale were used to study the psychological impact of the COVID-19 Every intensive care unit worker.
Results: The cohort includes 208 professionals, 52.4% are caregivers. Almost 20% of the respondents suffered from severe BOS. The professionals who are particularly affected by BOS are women, engaged people, nurses or reinforcement, not coming willingly to the intensive care unit and professionals with psychological disorders since COVID-19, those who are afraid of being infected, and people with anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Independent risk factors isolated were being engaged and being a reinforcement. Being a volunteer to come to work in ICU is protective. 19.7% of the team suffered from severe BOS during the COVID-19 pandemic in our ICU. The independent risk factors for BOS are: being engaged (OR = 3.61 (95% CI, 1.44; 9.09), don’t working in ICU when it’s not COVID-19 pandemic (reinforcement) (OR = 37.71 (95% CI, 3.13; 454.35), being a volunteer (OR = 0.10 (95% CI, 0.02; 0.46).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the value of assessing burnout in health care teams. Prevention could be achieved by training personnel to form a health reserve in the event of a pandemic.

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Variability of Steroid Prescription for COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia in Real-Life, Non-Trial Settings

Rashid Nadeem1, Islam Bon1, Doaa Algohary1, Mohd Kafeel Khan1, Nilesh Gundawar1, Mohammed Abdullah1, Ekta Sharma1, Moatz Galal Elzeiny1, Mayada Mahmoud1, Ashraf Elhoufi1, Yusra Omar Alshaikh Sayed Ahmed1, Gloria Gheno2, Maged Talaat Salama Khalil1, Tamseela Hussain2

1 Dubai Hospital, Dubai, UAE
2 Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, New Jersey, USA

DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2022-0025

The RECOVERY study documented lower 28-day mortality with the use of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients on invasive mechanical ventilation or oxygen with COVID-19 Pneumonia. We aimed to examine the practice patterns of steroids use, and their impact on mortality and length of stay in ICU. We retrospectively examined records of all patients with confirmed Covid 19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU of Dubai hospital from January 1st, 2020 – June 30th, 2020. We assigned patients to four groups (No steroids, low dose, medium dose, and high dose steroids). The primary clinical variable of interest was doses of steroids. Secondary outcomes were 28-day mortality and length of stay in ICU”. We found variability in doses of steroid treatment. The most frequently used dose was the high dose. Patients who survived were on significantly higher doses of steroids and had significantly longer stays in ICU. The prescription of steroids in Covid-19 ARDS is variable. The dose of steroids impacts mortality rate and length of stay in ICU, although patients treated with high dose steroids seem to stay more days in ICU.

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